There are three main types of steam sterilizers commonly used in various settings:
1.Gravity Displacement Autoclave:
In this type, steam is introduced at the top or sides of the sterilizing chamber.
As steam is lighter than air, it forces air out through the bottom of the chamber via a drain vent.
Gravity displacement autoclaves are primarily used for processing laboratory media, water, pharmaceutical products, regulated medical waste, and nonporous articles with direct steam contact.
However, penetration time into porous items may be prolonged due to incomplete air elimination.
2.High-Speed Prevacuum Sterilizer:
Similar to gravity displacement sterilizers, these autoclaves are equipped with a vacuum pump or ejector.
The vacuum ensures efficient air removal from the sterilizing chamber and load before steam admission.
High-speed prevacuum sterilizers are commonly used in healthcare facilities.
They offer faster cycles and better air removal, making them suitable for a wide range of items.
3.Steam Flush Pressure Pulse (SFPP):
SFPP cycles combine steam flush and pressure pulses.
These cycles are effective in removing air from the load during conditioning.
SFPP sterilizers are particularly useful for porous items and complex instruments.
The exposure times may vary based on the specific cycle.
That each type has its advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the specific requirements of the sterilization process.